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1.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 74(4): 337-350, Apr. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-779804

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The analysis of intrathecal IgG, IgA and IgM synthesis in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and evaluation in combined quotient diagrams provides disease-related patterns. The compilation with complementary parameters (barrier function, i.e., CSF flow rate, cytology, lactate, antibodies) in a cumulative CSF data report allows a knowledge-based interpretation and provides analytical and medical plausibility for the quality assessment in CSF laboratories. The diagnostic relevance is described for neurological and psychiatric diseases, for which CSF analysis can’t be replaced by other diagnostic methods without loss of information. Dominance of intrathecal IgM, IgA or three class immune responses give a systematic approach for Facial nerve palsy, Neurotrypanosomiasis, Opportunistic diseases, lymphoma, Neurotuberculosis, Adrenoleucodystrophy or tumor metastases. Particular applications consider the diagnostic power of the polyspecific antibody response (MRZ-antibodies) in multiple sclerosis, a CSF-related systematic view on differential diagnostic of psychiatric diseases and the dynamics of brain- derived compared to blood-derived molecules in CSF for localization of paracytes.


RESUMO A análise da síntese intratecal de IgG, IgA e IgM no liquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR) e a avaliação destas em diagramas com quocientes sugere padrões de diversas doenças. Estes dados, juntamente com outros parâmetros como a função de barreira, o fluxo liquórico, a citologia, o lactato e a pesquisa de anticorpos, integrados em uma ficha de paciente, permite uma interpretação baseada em conhecimento e permite também uma aferição da qualidade em laboratórios de LCR. A relevância diagnóstica é descrita para doenças neurológicas e psiquiátricas pois a análise do LCR não pode ser substituída por outros metódos diagnósticos sem perda de informação para o diagnóstico do paciente. O aumento da síntese intratecal de IgM, IgA ou das 3 classes de imunoglobulinas sugerem um diagnóstico sistemático de paralisia facial periférica, neurotripanosomiase, doenças oportunísticas, linfoma, neurotuberculose, adrenoleucodistrofia ou metástases de tumores cerebrais. A resposta poliespecífica de anticorpos contra sarampo, rubéola e varicela zoster (MRZ reação) é sugestiva de esclerose múltipla. Uma visão sistemática considera o diagnóstico diferencial de doenças psiquiátricas e doenças chrônicas. A dinâmica de moléculas derivadas do cérebro comparadas com aqueles derivadas do sangue é importante para a localização de parasitos em doenças parasitárias do sistema nervoso.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cerebrospinal Fluid/metabolism , Mental Disorders/cerebrospinal fluid , Mental Disorders/diagnosis , Nervous System Diseases/cerebrospinal fluid , Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis , Chronic Disease , Diagnosis, Differential , Immunoglobulin Isotypes/biosynthesis , Immunoglobulin Isotypes/cerebrospinal fluid , Mental Disorders/blood , Nervous System Diseases/blood
2.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 29(5): 521-526, oct. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-660025

ABSTRACT

Background: Diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is hampered by the lack of rapid and accurate diagnostic tools. We evaluated the immunological response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis anti-A60 antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in comparison to adenosine deaminase (ADA) determination, for the diagnosis of TBM. Methods: A total of 63 CSF samples were analyzed by indirect ELISA for the detection of anti- A60 IgG, IgM and IgA. These include samples from 17 patients with confirmed TBM and 46 control patients with other infections. Results: The mean individual anti-A60 IgM, IgG and IgA CSF antibody titers were significantly higher in TBM in comparison with control groups (p < 0.01). The best discriminatory CSF antibody for confirming TBM diagnosis was IgM, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.928 (95%CI 0.834-0.978), compared to 0.863 (95% CI: 0.752-0.936) for ADA testing (p = NS). The sensitivity of anti- A60 IgM CSF antibody titers (cutoff > 0.06 U/ml) was 94.1% compared to 88.2% for ADA (cutoff > 6.2 U/ml), p = NS. Both anti A60 IgM and ADA showed the same moderate specificity (80.4%). Two cases of TBM were correctly identified by anti-A60 IgM but missed by ADA. Conclusion: The ELISA test for anti-antigen A60 antibodies (IgM) is a rapid and sensitive tool for the rapid diagnosis of TBM that can be a complement to ALDA determination. The specificity of both tests is still a limitation in TBM diagnosis.


Antecedentes: El diagnóstico de meningitis tuberculosa (MTBC) se ve limitado por la ausencia de técnicas diagnósticas rápidas y precisas en líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR). En este estudio evaluamos la respuesta inmunoló-gica de anticuerpos anti-antígeno A60 de Mycobacterium tuberculosis en LCR en comparación a la determinación de adenosina deaminasa (ADA). Métodos: Un total de 63 muestras de LCR fueron estudiadas mediante ELISA indirecto para detección de IgG, IgM e IgA anti-A60. Estas muestras incluyeron 17 casos de MTBC confirmada y 46 controles con otras infecciones. Resultados: Los títulos de IgG, IgM e IgA anti A-60 resultaron significativamente superiores en casos de MTBC versus controles (p > 0,01). El anticuerpo con mej or poder discriminatorio resultó IgM, con un área bajo la curva ROC de 0,928 (95%IC 0,8340,978), comparado a 0,863 (95% IC: 0,752-0,936) para ADA (p = NS). La sensibilidad de IgM anti-A60 (nivel de corte > 0,06 U/ml) fue de 94,1% versus 88,2% para ADA (nivel de corte > 6,2 U/ml), p = NS. Ambos IgM anti-A60 y ADA presentaron la misma especificidad baja-moderada (80,4%). Dos casos de MMTBC fueron correctamente identificados por IgM anti-A60 pero no por ALDA. Conclusión: La detección de anticuerpos anti-A60 (IgM) puede ser de ayuda en el diagnostico de MTBC en forma complementaria a la determinación de ALDA. La baja especificidad de ambos tests constituye su principal limitante.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adenosine Deaminase/cerebrospinal fluid , Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/cerebrospinal fluid , Antigens, Bacterial/cerebrospinal fluid , Immunoglobulin Isotypes/cerebrospinal fluid , Tuberculosis, Meningeal/diagnosis , Biomarkers/cerebrospinal fluid , Case-Control Studies , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Retrospective Studies , Sensitivity and Specificity , Tuberculosis, Meningeal/cerebrospinal fluid
3.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 66(3a): 504-508, set. 2008. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-492571

ABSTRACT

The intercellular adhesion molecule is a transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1) from normal control children as well as from children with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), with Coxsackie A9 virus meningoencephalitis and with Streptococcus pneumoniae meningoencephalitis were studied. sICAM-1 was quantified using an immunoenzimatic assay and albumin using the immunodiffusion technique in both biological fluids. Increased sICAM-1 values in CSF in patients with GBS correspond to an increase of the albumin CSF/serum quotient. In contrast, in inflammatory diseases like S. pneumoniae and Coxsackie A9 virus meningoencephalitis an increased brain-derived fraction was observed. In particular cases these values are 60-65 percent and 70-75 percent respectively. The results indicate an additional synthesis of sICAM-1 in subarachnoidal space during central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory process. An important role of sICAM-1 in the transmigration of different cell types into CSF during CNS inflammation in children with S. pneumoniae and Coxsackie A9 meningoencephalitis may be suggested.


La molécula de adhesión intercelular es una glicoproteína que pertenece a la superfamilia de las inmunoglobulinas. Se estudiaron los niveles de molécula de adhesión intercelular tipo 1 soluble (sICAM-1) en suero y líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) de niños con meningoencefalitis por Streptococcus pneumoniae y por Coxsackie A9 al igual que en niños con sindrome de Guillain-Barré (SGB). sICAM-1 fue cuantificado por ensayo inmunoenzimático y la albúmina por inmunodifusión en ambos líquidos biológicos. Los valores incrementados de sICAM-1 en LCR en los pacientes con GBS corresponden a valores aumentados de razón LCR/suero de albúmina. En contraste, en las enfermedades inflamatorias como las meningoencefalitis por S. pneumoniae y por Coxsackie A9 se observa un incremento en la fracción derivada del cerebro. En casos particulares los valores se incrementan hasta un 60-65 por ciento y 70-75 por ciento respectivamente. Los resultados indican una síntesis adicional de sICAM-1 en el espacio subaracnoideo durante el proceso inflamatorio del sistema nervioso central (SNC). Esto puede sugerir un importante papel del sICAM-1 en la transmigración de diferentes tipos celulares en el LCR durante la inflamación del SNC en niños con meningoencefalitis por S pneumoniae y coxsackie A9.


Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Male , Coxsackievirus Infections/cerebrospinal fluid , Enterovirus B, Human , Guillain-Barre Syndrome/cerebrospinal fluid , Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/cerebrospinal fluid , Meningoencephalitis/cerebrospinal fluid , Pneumococcal Infections/cerebrospinal fluid , Biomarkers/blood , Biomarkers/cerebrospinal fluid , Blood-Brain Barrier/physiology , Case-Control Studies , Coxsackievirus Infections/immunology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Guillain-Barre Syndrome/immunology , Immunodiffusion , Immunoglobulin Isotypes/biosynthesis , Immunoglobulin Isotypes/cerebrospinal fluid , Inflammation/blood , Inflammation/cerebrospinal fluid , Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/biosynthesis , Meningoencephalitis/immunology , Meningoencephalitis/microbiology , Pneumococcal Infections/immunology , Pneumococcal Infections/microbiology , Serum Albumin/cerebrospinal fluid
5.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 58(1): 18-24, mar. 2000. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-255059

ABSTRACT

We assayed samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), serum and saliva from patients with neurocysticercoses, control group and individuals with other parasitoses, by ELISA with Taenia crassiceps vesicular fluid antigen (Tcra) and Taenia solium total antigen (Tso) for the detection of antibodies. The sensitivity for IgG-Tcra was 100 per cent for CSF and serum, and 32.0 per cent for saliva; and for IgG-Tso 100 per cent for CSF, 80.0 per cent for serum and 24 per cent for saliva. Specificity was 100 per cent for CSF and 80.0 per cent for serum with both antigens, and 100 per cent for saliva with Tcra and 87.5 per cent with Tso. The sensitivity and specificity for IgA-Tcra was, respectively, 40.0 per cent and 100 per cent for CSF, 36.0 per cent and 97.1 per cent for serum, and 4.0 per cent and 90.0 per cent for saliva. IgE detection showed 24.0 per cent sensitivity and 97.1 per cent specificity for serum, with no detection in CSF samples. The search for antibodies revealed the presence of IgG > IgA > IgE in CSF, serum and saliva samples, with IgG being present in all phases of the disease, while IgA/IgE were more frequent in the inactive form.


Subject(s)
Humans , Antigens, Helminth/immunology , Immunoglobulin Isotypes/isolation & purification , Neurocysticercosis/immunology , Taenia/immunology , Antibody Formation , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Immunoglobulin Isotypes/blood , Immunoglobulin Isotypes/cerebrospinal fluid , Saliva/immunology , Sensitivity and Specificity
6.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 48(4): 465-8, dez. 1990. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-91601

ABSTRACT

Isotipos de imunoglobulinas (IgG e IgM) de proteína básica de mielina (PBM), cerebrosídeos (CER), gangliosídeos (GANG) e cardiolipina (CARD) foram investigados em amostras de líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR) de 33 pacientes com esclerose múltipla (EM), 18 com síndrome de Guillain-Barré (SGB), e 30 com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES). Pacientes com EM revelaram concentraçöes positivas e significantes para IgG-PBM em 51,5% (p<0,05), IgM-PBM em 18,2%, IgG-CARD em 46,2%; CER e GANG foram detectados em cerca de 20% dos pacientes. A avaliaçäo dos isotipos de imunoglobulinas no soro de pacientes com EM foi positiva em 20,6% para IgF-PBM e 53,0% para IgM-PBM. No LCR dos pacientes com SGB a análise mostrou-se positiva em 56,3% para IgG-PBM (p<0,05), 53% para IgM-PBM, 38,5% para IgG-CER e 23% para IgM-CER, 50% para IgG-CARD e 31% para IgM-GANG. Os isotipos avaliados no soro de 14 pacientes com SGB foram positivos em 18,8% para IgG-PBM e 56,3% para IgM-PBM (p<0,05). No LCR, 50% dos pacientes com LES revelaram positividade para IgG-CARD e 24,1% para IgG-PBM. Os autores acreditam que a presença de anticorpos antifosfolípides seja conseqüente a epifenômeno imune, embora sua presença possa manter e perpetuar o evento imune intrínseco a essas doenças


Subject(s)
Humans , Antibodies/analysis , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology , Multiple Sclerosis/immunology , Phospholipids/immunology , Polyradiculoneuropathy/immunology , Immunoglobulin G/cerebrospinal fluid , Immunoglobulin Isotypes/cerebrospinal fluid , Immunoglobulin M/cerebrospinal fluid
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